This bibliography is intended for academic librarians, computing services professionals, and faculty interested in developing an information literacy program on a college campus. Because the field is growing so rapidly, this list is selective, designed to address not the why of information literacy, but the how. Specifically, most articles about why we should teach information literacy have been excluded, whereas those that discuss the `how' of critical thinking, of outcome assessment, and of curriculum materials - in print, online, and Web based - have been included.

General Sources

American Library Association. Presidential Committee in Information Literacy: Final report Chicago: ALA, 1989.

Baker, Betsy and Mary Ellen Litzinger, eds. The Evolving Educational Mission of the Library Chicago: ALA, 1992.

Breivik, Patricia S. and E. Gordon Gee, Information Literacy: Revolution in the Library NY: Macmillan, 1989.

Bruce, Christine Susan. "Information Literacy Blueprint." Griffith University, 1994. [http://www.gu.edu.au/gwis/ins/libraryinfo/infolit/blueprnt.htm]

A theoretical framework and strategic plan (including a staff development strategy, a curriculum development strategy, and an extra curricular education strategy) and an information literacy enhancement core strategy ) for information literacy initiated by Griffith University's Division of Information Services.

Calfornia Media and Library Educators Association. From Library Skills to Information Literacy: A Handbook for the 21st century Castle Rock, CO: Hi Willow Research and Publishing, 1994.

Coping with Information Illiteracy: Bibliographic instruction for the Information Age; Papers presented at the Seventeenth National LOEX Library Instruction Conference Held in Ann Arbor, Michigan, 4 and 5 May 1989, Glenn E. Mensching and Teresa B. Mensching, eds. Ann Arbor, MI: Pierian Press, 1989.

Engle, Michael. Division of Reference Services. Olin*Kroch*Uris Libraries. Cornell University Libraries. "Library Research at Cornell: A hypertext guide," 1996. [http://www.library.cornell.edu/okuref/research/tutorial.html]

Huston, Mary, ed. "Toward Information Literacy - Innovative perspectives for the 1990's," Library Trends 39(3) Winter 1991: 187-366.

Olevnik, Peter "Information Literacy and the Library," ERIC Reproduction Service, 1991. ED338238.

Rader, Hannelore B. "From Library Orientation to Information Literacy," in What is Good Instruction Now? Library instruction for the 90's. Ann Arbor, MI: Pierian Press, 1993.

Ratteray, Oswald M. and Howard L. Simmons. "Information Literacy in Higher Education: A report on the Middle States Region," 1995. ERIC Reproduction Service, ED388136.
Report of a survey of 830 higher education institutions in the United States that explored the status of initiatives to promote information literacy.

Ross, Tweed W. and Gerald D. Bailey. "Wanted: A new literacy for the information age." NASSP Bulletin 78(563) September 1994: 31-35.

Tiefel, Virginia. "Innovative Applications of Technology to Library User Services," in What is Good Instruction Now? Library instruction for the 90's Ann Arbor, MI: Pierian Press, 1993.
Author visited 13 libraries examining projects that exemplified innovative applications of technology to library user services.

Todd, Ross J. "Information Literacy: Philosophy, principles, and practice." School Libraries Worldwide 1(1) 1995: 54-68.
"This article provides a philosophical framework for developing integrated information literacy programs. First, it . . . argues that a view of information as a process of constructing meaning should underpin information literacy instruction. Second, it reports on current qualitative and quantitative research that examines the impact of integrated information literacy programs. This research suggests that information literacy instruction has a significant positive impact on mastery of content and attitudes to learning and identifies a range of variables for examination in future research. Thus it presents general principles that might underpin instructional design for information literacy."

University of Washington Undergraduate Education, Computing and Communications, University Libraries, and University Extension. "UWired," 1996. [http://www.washington.edu/uwired]
"Describes a model project for integrating electronic communication and information navigation skills into instruction and learning on campus."

Guidelines and standards

ACRL/BIS Task Force on the Model Statement of Objectives. "Model Statement of Objectives for Academic Bibliographic Instruction," May 1987. [gopher://ala1.ala.org:70/11/alagophxiii/alagophxiiiacrl]

ACRL Instruction Task Force. "Guidelines for Instruction Programs in Academic Libraries," July 9, 1996. [http://www.staff.uiuc.edu/~bswoodar/guidelin.html]

Dusenbury, Carolyn, et al. Read This First: An owner's guide to the new model statement of objectives for academic bibliographic instruction Chicago: American Library Association, ACRL, BIS, 1991.
Provides several applications of model statement.

Critical thinking and information literacy

Alexander, Jan and Marsha Tate, "The Web as a Research Tool: Evaluation Techniques." [http://www.science.widener.edu/~withers/alaslides/pptfirst.htm]
An extensive Powerpoint presentation on evaluating Web sources.

Atton, Chris. "Using Critical Thinking as a Basis for Library User Education." Journal of Academic Librarianship 20 (5-6) Nov. 1994: 310-313.
"Focuses on the critical examination of information in rewriting an undergraduate course of bibliographic instruction. By learning to ask questions, by learning from each other, by thinking critically and by taking responsibility for their own learning, students become effective and confident information users."

Callison, Daniel. "Expanding the evaluation role in the Critical-Thinking Curriculum," in Information for a New Age: Redefining the librarian. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 1995.

Engle, Michael. Division of Reference Services. Olin*Kroch*Uris Libraries. Cornell University Library, 1996. "How to Critically Analyze Information Sources," [http://urisref.library.cornell.edu/okuref/research/skill26.html] and "Distinguishing Scholarly from Non-scholarly Periodicals: A checklist of criteria" [http://urisref.library.cornell.edu/okuref/research/skill20.html]

Grassian, Esther, UCLA. "Thinking Critically about World Wide Web Resources." [http://www.ucla.edu/campus/computing/bruinonline/trainers/critical.html]

Oberman, Cerise. "Avoiding the Cereal Syndrome; or, Critical thinking in the electronic environment" in Information for a New Age: Redefining the librarian. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 1995.

Sharito, Linda, ed. Judging the Validity of Information Sources: Teaching critical analysis in bibliographic instruction Ann Arbor, MI: Pierian Press, 1991.

Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library and Utah Academic Libraries Consortium,"Internet Navigator Course," 1996.
[http://www.lib.utah.edu/navigator/]
Utah's first online, multi-institutional Internet course, a self-paced independent study course. Students register through one of Utah's participating institutions of higher education. Some evaluation included when students create their own Web page.

Tillman, Hope. "Evaluating Quality on the Net," Babson College. [http://www.tiac.net/users/hope/findqual.html]

Widener University. "Teaching Critical Evaluation Skills for World Wide Web Resources." [http://www.science.widener.edu/~withers/webeval.htm]

Outcomes assessment, evaluation of information literacy programs

Doyle, C. "The Delphi Method as a Qualitative Assessment Tool for Development of Outcome Measures for Information Literacy." School Library Media Annual (11) 1993: 132-144.

Doyle, C. "Outcome measures for information literacy within the national education goals of 1990." Final Report to the National Forum on Information Literacy. Summary of Findings , ERIC Reproduction Service, 1992 ED351033.

Greer, Arlene, et al. "Assessment of Learning Outcomes: A measure of progress in library literacy," (52) November 1991: 549-557.

Nash, Stanley, and Myoung, C. Wilson. "Value-added Bibliographic Instruction: Teaching students to find the right citations," Reference Services Review (19) Spring 1991: 87-92.
Discusses a value-added instruction model to teach critical thinking skills.

Ochs, Mary, et al. Assessing the Value of an Information Literacy Program. ERIC Reproduction Service, 1991. ED 340385.
The final report of a 2-year project that evaluated a formal information literacy program at Cornell."

Swenson, David and Sharon Souter. "Assessing Student Academic Achievement: One institution's Experience," a paper presented at the annual meeting of the North Central Association (Chicago, March 26-29, 1995). ERIC Reproduction Service, ED388337.

Tompkins, Philip. "Quality in Community College Libraries." Library Trends 44(3) Winter 1996: 506-525.

General education/core curriculum and information literacy

Breivik, Patricia Senn and Dan L. Jones. "Information Literacy: Liberal education for the information age." Liberal Education 79(1) Winter 1993: 24-29.
One of the goals of a liberal education is to produce a student who is motivated and has the ability to engage in lifelong learning. The authors point out that the technology explosion has caught many educators off guard and cite the need for standards for information literacy, citing Ernest Boyer's challenge to graduate lifelong learners.

Loomis, Abigail. "Building Coalitions for information Literacy," in Information for a New Age: Redefining the librarian Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 1995.

Pastine, Maureen and Bill Katz. Integrating Library Use Skills into the General Education Curriculum. NY: Haworth Press, 1989.

Rader, Hannelore. "Information Literacy and the Undergraduate Curriculum." Library Trends 44(2) Fall 1995: 70-78.
"Discusses the integration of information and technological skills into the undergraduate curriculum. Topics include information literacy; the role of the academic library in undergraduate reform; information literacy criteria for undergraduates; and examples of successful curriculum integration programs at Earlham College, the University of Wisconsin-Parkside, and Cleveland State University."

Ruess, Diane E. "Library and Information Literacy: A core curriculum component." Research Strategies 12(1): 18-23.
"[S]ome baccalaureate programs have begun to require courses on library and information literacy. At the University of Alaska Fairbanks, a library and information skills component was developed to fit within a core curriculum, and to form a base upon which more specialized knowledge and skills can be built. This article reviews the literature on library and information literacy, describes the development of the core course, and looks at the first year of implementation."

Sauer, Janice A. "Conversation 101: Process, development, and collaboration," in Information for a New Age: Redefining the librarian Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 1995.

Sonntag, Gabriela and Ohr, Donna M. "The Development of a Lower-division, General Education, Course-Integrated Information Literacy Program." College and Research Libraries July 1996: 331-338.
"At California State University-San Marcos, librarians were successful in having information literacy integrated into the lower-division, general education curriculum. This article defines a model, describes the process that enabled librarians to establish the information literacy program, and offers observations and suggestions for future improvements."

Web-based university or college information literacy courses

Northwestern State University. "Navigating the Internet," 1996. [http://www.nsula.edu/departments/telecommunications/jour4520.htm]
A special topics course offered at Northwestern State University. Includes Usenet, gopher, levels of connectivity.

Prestamo, Ann. "Information Literacy Program." University of Wisconsin - Parkside. Library/Learning Center, 1996. [http://www.uwp.edu/library/#infolit]
Includes an information literacy skills workbook with questions. Successful completion of this program is a requirement for graduation from University of Wisconsin-Parkside.

Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library and Utah Academic Libraries Consortium. "Internet Navigator Course," 1996. [http://www.lib.utah.edu/navigator/]
Utah's first online, multi-institutional Internet course, a self-paced independent study course. Students register through one of Utah's participating institutions of higher education.

Webster, Kathleen and Kathryn Paul. "Beyond Surfing: Tools and techniques for searching the Web," 1996. [http://magi.com/~mmelick/it96jan.htm]

Ideas for developing information literacy courses

Barclay, Donald, ed. Teaching Electronic Information Literacy: A how-to-do-it manual for librarians NY: Neal-Schuman Publishers, Inc, 1995.

Bjorner, Susan N. "The Information Literacy Curriculum - a Working Model." IATUL Quarterly 5 (March 1991): 150-160.

Dennis, Nancy and A. Stadthaus. "Teaching Technologies in a classroom Setting." Computers in Libraries 11 (January 1991): 17-19.
Salem State College three credit course,designed to help students use new technologies for information retrieval is described

Naito, Marilyn. "An Information Literacy Curriculum: A proposal." College and Research Libraries News 52 (May 1991): 292-296.

Information literacy for off-campus students

Wilson, Vicky. "Developing the adult independent learner: Information literacy and the remote external student." Distance Education 15(2) 1994: 254-278.
"Analyses current opinion on the development of information literacy skills among adult students at tertiary institutions. It looks at the rapid changes taking place in tertiary education and in the development of lifelong learning opportunities for adults. It examines closely the concept of the adult independent learner and how information literacy contributes to this concept. It also examines the plight of remote external students and how new communications technologies could be used to improve their levels of information literacy."

K-12 and information literacy

American Association of School Librarians for Educational Communications and Technology. Information Power: Guidelines for School Library Media Programs Chicago: ALA, 1988.

Brum, Janet, Sue Buryanek, and Kathleen Tooker, "Extending the Academic Library: Outreach to school and community," in Giesecke, Joan, Information Literarcy: Nebraska responds, Proceedings from the Spring Meeting of the Nebraska Library Association. (Lincoln, NE, May 17, 1991). ERIC Reproduction Service, ED343618.

United States Commission on Libraries and Information Science. Annual Report, 1989-90 in cooperation with the American Association of School Librarians. Proceedings of 1989 symposium, "Information Literacy and Education for the 21st Century: Toward an agenda for action," ERIC Reproduction Service, ED370545.

Bibliographies

Fridie, Stephanie. "Information Seeking Behavior and User Education in Academic Libraries: Research, theory, and practice. A selected list of information resources," ERIC Reproduction Service, ED371766.

Kuhlthau, Carol C. Information Skills for an Information Society: A review of research. (Syracuse, NY: ERIC Clearinghouse on Information Resources, 1987).

Rader, Hannelore. "Library Orientation and Instruction - 1992," RSR: Reference Services Review, 1994, 22(2), 79-95.
Annotated list of materials dealing with information literacy includes 140 titles on user education in academic libraries.